Regression Analysis Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Relapse Analysis - Speech or Presentation Example Generally, it takes into account assessment of the fixed and arbitrary impacts models in non-direct displaying systems and essentially expect boundary and variable non-linearity. Supposition 2: Expected estimation of blunder is zero This presumption presumes that the mistake part will restore a zero mean implying that the watched mean won't be methodicallly contorted away from the genuine incentive by the blunder (and this appears differently in relation to an efficient predisposition impact which would misshape the watched mean away from its actual worth) (Good and Hardin, 2009). Supposition 3: Autocorrelation Amongst the presumptions frequently made in relapse examination is that mistake terms not subject to one another or rather non-connected. This is anyway not generally the situation. At the point when this supposition that is abused, in spite of the way that the relapse model is as yet usable, in expectation esteem, its helpfulness is to a great extent lessened. This examinatio n considering the connection between the factors looks to accept its quality and henceforth evidence that the model’s convenience is to a great extent lessened. The evaluated relapse boundaries, a, b1, b2, . . . ,bk, are left as fair estimators of the separate genuine qualities, A, B1, B2, . . ,Bk, and consequently the model stays suitable for foundation of point assessments of A, B, and others., and it very well may be utilized in expectation of estimations of Y for X esteem sets (Good and Hardin, 2009) (Good and Hardin, 2009). Autocorrelation is regularly a result of mistakes relationship. It widens the extent of speculation to take a gander at various perceptions which come about because of differing disseminations which are non-logical. Supposition 4: Heteroskadascity Sphericality presumption regularly infers that there exists homoskedasticity of mistakes, and that difference is steady across cases. Infringement of this offers heteroskedasticity whereby the prescient mode l does especially poor in some situation. Take for example for this situation where there is a likelihood that joblessness or gas costs across nations might be dependable however there is lesser confirmation to have faith in the information identifying with the equivalent got from different nations. Such a case would offer ascent to expanded irregular variety, and thus immense mean mistake changes, in the individual nations. As a rule, Heteroskedasticity happens in occurrences where the homoskedasticity supposition that is damaged, offering ascend to Assumption 5: Multi-collinearity presumption Whenever there exists moderate to high intercorrelation among indicator factors, multi-collinearity is accepted to emerge. Regularly, multi-collinearity presents a genuine examination issue when numerous relapses are utilized. These incorporate its extreme restricting of R’s size given that indicators follow a change as much equivalent to that of y, making a trouble in assurance of the value of an indicator due puzzling of the impacts because of relationship among's them, and an augmentation in relapse coefficient variations (Good and Hardin, 2009). In this case’s, various factors are considered in the model including gas cost, barring food costs, joblessness, and individual use which was evacuated because of its high relationship to different factors. Nonetheless, even with the incorporation of different factors, it is still accepted that different factors have some slight relationship to one another. For example, food administrations are probably going to be affected on by gas costs and the equivalent is valid for joblessness rates. End Understanding relationship

Mergers and acquisitions process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mergers and acquisitions process - Essay Example In spite of these discoveries, organizations keep on receiving a M&A procedure for a few reasons. One explanation is that M&A meets the longing of firms to get by developing. Another is that the offering firm either has free income (and money is the best!) or needs to get the free income of the objective firm. A third explanation focuses to purported organization issues between the supervisors of the offering firm and the proprietors of the firm, where chiefs need to get a bigger portion of the compensations for facing challenges and dealing with the firm. Another explanation is that directors of the offering firm are careless and pleased. The fifth explanation is the offering firm may increase a few advantages by actualizing the M&A methodology that, by assembling two firms, may bring about important, uncommon, and expensive to copy preferences. It can likewise happen that an offering firm observes some concealed wellsprings of upper hand in the objective that contenders don't see or that the supervisors of an objective firm either don't understand or couldn't transform into a wellspring of upper hand. This is the place a bidder can be legitimized for converging with or purchasing an objective firm in light of the fact that the two firms would make an additional bit of leeway (collaboration) over different contenders through economies of extension or scale. Actualizing M&A is troublesome and requests generally excellent directors in light of the fact that the way of life of the two firms might be altogether different. On account of global M&A, this methodology might be expensive as a result of contrasts in nation societies (like when Renault of France purchased Nissan of Japan) and would require great supervisors to succeed. A perfect crosscountry M&A is one where economies of extension can be picked up without incorporating the distinctive firm and nation societies. Case 3-1: eBay eBay is a pioneer online sale firm that needed to conclude how to make more an incentive from another procedure of going into on-line closeout drop-off offering to build deals. Drop-off offering alludes to selling things online for others, with a vender or representative gathering things available to be purchased from the customer or sender. The proctor handles the entire posting and selling procedure and afterward pays the returns of the deal to the customer, less the commission. This would catch merchants who have things to sell yet who neither have the opportunity nor the persistence to publicize these things on-line. The organization's underlying achievement, based on a first-mover advantage as an on-line sell off site, turned into the establishment for a cost initiative development procedure accomplished by offering low posting charges. During the time spent quickened development in quantities of clients and deals volume, eBay formed into an on-line network that offered unparalleled speed, wellbeing, and security through a successful part input instrument where clients evaluated each other for each exchange made. eBay's benefits developed by drawing in more purchasers and building the framework expected to help the two purchasers and merchants. Nonetheless, similar to physical shops, eBay's deals were occasional, spiking during the Christmas season however staying level the remainder of the year. The drop-off selling procedure, a type of expansion into a related business that would enhance the center business of on-line barters, was intended to build client traffic to its locales by making it simpler for merchants to list their merchandise and for purchasers to appreciate a more extensive assortment of items to look over. It likewise permitted eBay to execute high worth included things and contend with the more settled

A Brief History of Cars on Fire at MIT

A Brief History of Cars on Fire at MIT If youre the kind of person who remembers to look up once in a while, its not that uncommon to wander MITs campus and find yourself wondering: How did THAT get there? Four score and zero years ago, on this date in 1936, a similar thought likely went through the minds of one or more of the people in this photo: Why those people? Because on April 5, 1936, something profoundly strange was being hauled up the side of Goodale (the northeast corner of East Campus): Yes, that is a Ford Model T, hanging from the roof. The car, which belonged to Ralph J. Slutz 38, was painted with the phrase TECH IS HELLthe IHTFP-esque MIT motto of the 1930sand hauled from the ground. It caught the attention of many in the area, including Dr. Richard Hanau 39, our second-oldest living East Campus alumnus, who mentioned it in an email to me: I saw the car after it had been pulled up the side of the dorm where I lived during my sophomore year. It was later lowered and set on fire (I think) on the grass between the dorms. I dont recall anything painted on it. Wait, fire? Who said anything about fire? The thing is just hanging off of a building. Its not like theyd publish that kind of arson inThe Tech After the car was lowered by several dorm men it was placed back in the parking lot. Since it was said to be too much of an eyesore, however, the fellows came to the conclusion that the best thing was to burn it. Accordingly the car was rolled in the court between the dorms and set on fire. Needless to say, the car is now a total wreck. Oh. Well then. Turns out this isnt even the first incident of students intentionally setting cars on fire: eight years prior, in May 1928, the first East-Campus-Senior-House water war involved kerosene and ten abandoned automobiles: CPW (or kapow!, as some have apparently taken to start calling it) is somehow a mere 48 hours away. There will be a plethora of events and food and tours and food and new friends and nerdy conversations and food. There will not be any burning cars, sorry. (The Cambridge Fire Department has a nice page explaining how they feel about bonfires.) However,there will be some fire, courtesy of the MIT Spinning Arts Club performance.I highly recommend it: particularly if you want to see some flames without sacrificing your ride home, and especially if they dont fix the fan belt on the MIT Weather Machine in time and this cold snap continues. Have fun! Post Tagged #East Campus

Buddhism as Freedom from Negativity Essay - 791 Words

Buddhism as Freedom from Negativity The title of this paper is posed as a question so that one can explore and investigate if Buddhism and meditation can bring the mind freedom from negativity. One of the most important things I have learned thus far, is that anger and hatred are based on projections and exaggeration, not on objectivity or wisdom. This stikes me as very important in my search for how to release negativity. If we can accept that things feelings do not come from wisdom, that it may be possible to realize that they are fundamentally incorrect. Within Buddhism there are different sects and meditation practices that look at life and practices in differing ways. Each of these†¦show more content†¦In Buddhism we learn that we must realize how we attach ourselves to these thoughts and how to free ourselves from them so that we can let go of our egos. In Vipassana, the basic principles are about experiencing one’s own reality. Much emphasis is placed on self observation and perception. This notion of self-observation is something many people, including myself often neglect. In individualized Western culture, especially in the United States, much emphasis is placed upon â€Å"doing.† In such an environment, there is often little time for self-exploration, especially of one’s thoughts. I think this can be attributed to how easily agitated and angered we can become over little things. We are constantly going through the motions of life, without looking closely at each motion, and when our path is interrupted or derailed, we are unhappy. What we can learn from these teachings, however, is that while it may be impossible to prevent anger and negativity from entering our minds, what we need to do is keep it from residing within our thoughts. By closely observing our minds and our thoughts, we may be able to control our minds and curb the feelings of anger from further evolving. In â€Å"Pure and Simple,† by Upasika Kee Nanayon, she speaks of â€Å"opening the way in the heart.† In this passage she explainsShow MoreRelatedBuddhism : Buddhism And Buddhism1009 Words   |  5 Pages Zen Buddhism isn’t exactly a â€Å"religion†, but a way of living. It creates peace within the human mind that allows one to grow, develop and look at the world more positively. Originating in China in 650 C.E., Zen Buddhism is a combination between Indian Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. Mahayana Buddhism promotes bodhisattva, which is practicing the way of life in the direction of Buddha. Taoism is a religion developed by Lao-tzu, a Taoist philosopher, and focuses on obtaining long life and good fortuneRead MoreThe Four Ways Of Leting Go Explained By Ajahn Brahm1305 Words   |  6 Pagesgo will help release t hese feelings and desires that only work to make a person unhappy. There are four ways of letting go. The first way is simply to throw away any object causing anguish. Dealing with a relationship that is primarily fixed on negativity, having objects around as reminders of past events or people that were previously in one’s life, complaining, having pessimistic thoughts or even thinking too much can all be a burden but can also be thrown away. For example, Ajahn Brahm told hisRead MoreAnalysis Of David O. Russells I Heart Huckabees1250 Words   |  5 Pagesfacing a state of distress and confusion. On top of these questions, Albert has experienced a strange coincidence. In a single day, he saw the same â€Å"African man† three times. In order to understand and find meaning in this coincidence, Albert seeks help from Bernard and Vivian Jaffe, a husband and wife team of â€Å"existential detectives† who specialize in â€Å"crisis investigation and resolution.† The Jaffes plan on helping Albert by spying on him throughout the day to see what observations they can make aboutRead MoreThe 5 Moral Precepts Of Buddhism1933 Words   |  8 PagesIn class we defined the 5 moral precepts of Buddhism which consists of refraining from: harming living things, taking what is not given, sexual misconduct, lying or gossiping, taking intoxicating substances (eg. drugs or drink). To harm a living thing is to be violent, to be violent is to act with a lack self control. If you and a group of friends were hanging out and someone were to walk over and say offensive things to you and your friends to act violent towards the other person would not be aRead MoreHow Does Buddhism Treat Its Women1876 Words   |  8 Pagescontrol; from childhood by their parents, then under the watch of their husbands and as they grow older the hands of their sons. Luckily these women were given a type of out of this lifestyle with the support of Buddhism. Buddhism a philosophy focused on spiritual development towards the true insight of the na ture of reality. Buddhism included practices such as meditation as a means of changing yourself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom. So how does buddhism treatRead MoreThe Noble Eightfold Path1926 Words   |  8 PagesBuddhism began with a man named Siddhartha Gautama who had lived in northern India in the sixth or fifth century B.C.E. The religion has its teachings in two forms; these are the Four Noble Truths and the eight fold Path. The four noble truths teach that life is full disappointment and suffering; that suffering is a result of one s desires for pleasure; that in order to stop ones suffering one must stop desiring; and finally the way to stop desiring and thus suffering is through Noble EightfoldRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1708 Words   |  7 PagesIt wasn’t until the early 1960’s when second wave feminism got its start. It focused primarily on mass social change and fought some of the oppression women were and still a re facing today. It brought freedom for women in regards to their reproductive rights and sexuality amongst other things. Prior to this cultural shift, the women’s role in society was set. The image of the nuclear household dominated the time, and women were not only expected but in a way forced to become housewives and childRead MoreEssay about A Life of Celibacy; Buddhism and Sex1910 Words   |  8 PagesA Life of Celibacy; Buddhism and Sex Buddhism which just may be the most tolerant religion in the world, constitutes teachings that can coexist with almost any other religions. Buddhism began with Siddhartha Gautama who lived in northern India in the sixth or fifth century B.C.E. The religion has guidelines in two forms in which Buddhist followers must follow. These are the Four Noble Truths and the Eight fold Path. Buddha taught that man is a slave to his ego and that the cause of sufferingRead MoreThe Idea Of A Supernatural1323 Words   |  6 Pagesits role. To have a reason, or an idea, for the purpose of life, we used the idea of a supernatural being(s) to confirm our purpose. We gather knowledge of religion to establish the idea that we would be able to live closer to the supernatural. Buddhism, although not technically a religion, but a philosophy, is a significant supernatural realm in which people tend to endeavor to reach ultimate meaning and purpose into life. Buddhism’s main focus is to use the knowledge that the world has to offerRead MoreTheravada Buddhism : The Way Of The Elders Essay2442 Words   |  10 PagesTheravada Buddhism, or otherwise known as ‘The Way of the Elders’, is the oldest form of Buddhism, and was formed just after 500 BC. It was established by the Second Buddhist Council, which was assembled 100 years after the Buddha’s death who died approximately around 483 B.C.E. During the time of the Second Council, there was plentiful controversy revolving around monastic beliefs and followers. Many monks were disagreeing with the set beliefs and interpretations of the Buddha’s teachings and were

Essay Islamic Science in the Medieval Era - 2580 Words

There are many terms used to describe the period after the fall of Rome and before the Renaissance, three main terms being the Middle, Medieval, and Dark Ages. In general, these terms are used interchangeably, but are these fair substitutions? In recent years the term â€Å"Dark Ages† is becoming less and less acceptable as a phrase which describes the span of years it is meant to refer to. The use of the term â€Å"dark† implies a period of stagnation, which is becoming a questionable concept. In particular, the span of time referred to in this paper is 530-1452 BCE, with specific attention paid to the scientific discoveries and innovations rather than art or literature. These dates are significant because in 529 the Academy and Lyceum in Athens†¦show more content†¦One might assert that the ideas of Islamic science during this period were not of value because if the innovations were so great, and the halt of progress in Europe was so encompassing, a knowledge vacuum would have been created, and the ideas would have poured into the knowledge starved areas. Further more, Europeans would expand outward to the Middle East in search of new-found knowledge due to the stagnation present in Europe. However, this is not the case, so therefore it is logical to assume that the knowledge in the Middle East was not that significant. In opposition, I would assert that major scientific innovation in some area in the world during a given time period is enough to remove the negative connotation of â€Å"dark†. The scientific discoveries do not have to be world-wide. Furthermore, the reason there was no spread of knowledge to Europe during this time was due to the isolation of the two very different cultures from one another, not the insignificance of Islamic ideas. The language barrier alone would be enough to interfere with natural flow of technology. Translations of texts and therefore ideas takes time, and any cooperation between these two gro ups prior to the tenth century would be halted for hundreds of years by the Crusades. Also, the churchs relationship with young men not only occupied them thereby inhibiting their thought, but also their exploration, explaining the lack of European pro-activity inShow MoreRelatedThe House of Wisdom and its Contribution to the Preservation of Knowledge1720 Words   |  7 Pagesis important because it addresses the academic advances with the Islamic civilization that lead to new information. To determine the extent of the contribution to the preservation of knowledge, this investigation will examine the achievements al-Khawarizmi made in science and the achievements that were made in this library and how they were preserved through time. The area of research will be focused during the time of the Islamic Golden Age, 750-1258, and in the city of Baghdad, where the HouseRead MoreAstronomy Of The Islamic World975 Words   |  4 PagesAstronomy in Medieval Islam Astronomy is the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the universe as a whole. During the medieval era, a golden age of innovations in science took part in the Islamic world. In particular cities in the Iberian Peninsula, like Cordoba, astronomy blossomed and thrived as an aftermath of the genius and creativity that took place there. Innovations in astronomy were vital in inspiring the other scientific discoveries, and were greatly encouragedRead MoreThe Functions of Geography Throughout the Time Periods of History1325 Words   |  6 Pagesresources, take a trip., find new places and function its served during different eras throughout history Furthermore three of geography most important function thought out history is the purposes it served during the eras of Roman, Greek, Chinese, Islamic and early modern Europe. The important purposes of geography through these ages and the benefit geography got from European Imperialism. During the era of the Greek the purpose geography served was to understand the three disciplinesRead MoreEssay on The Arabic Invasion1318 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. By the 11th century AD, the Islamic society could boast of a number of cultural and technical centers of leaning with eminent scholars of all the known disciplines of the time. Thus, when the Arab-Islamic armies invaded distant lands, they carried the rich cultural, political and economic heritage of their expanding civilization and created such conditions as to establish deep roots and to bring about enduring geopolitical changes. Western Europe of the medieval period was no exception to thisRead Morehistory of philosophy5031 Words   |  21 PagesYou can assist by  editing it.  (April 2013) Philosophy Philosophers Aestheticians Epistemologists Ethicists Logicians Metaphysicians Social and political philosophers Traditions Analytic Continental Eastern Islamic Platonic Scholastic Periods Ancient Medieval Modern Contemporary Literature Aesthetics Epistemology Ethics Logic Metaphysics Political philosophy Branches Aesthetics Epistemology Ethics Logic Metaphysics Political philosophy Social philosophy Lists Read MoreThe Importance of Religion for Two Paradigms: Science and Natural Philosophy700 Words   |  3 PagesParadigms: Science and Natural Philosophy Since the beginning of the intellectual development of mankind, the question of whether there is god or not has been a question that still remains. However, its effects on our way of thinking has been shaped by a number of people, thinkers, priests, scientists so on and so forth. If we were to divide that continuum into two parts, they would be before the enlightenment and after the enlightenment. Namely the times of natural philosophy and times of science sinceRead MoreTools And Other Sharp Edged Devices1607 Words   |  7 Pageswere carried out by the ancient Hindus nearly a thousand years before the advent of Greek medicine. Knowledge of the use of soporific options to relieve pain caused by surgery can be traced to ancient times. Then there came the Greeks and Romans first era in which they practiced surgery with great skill and with such clean the surgical wound infection and other was relatively rare, perhaps because of their cleanliness and use boiled water or wine for irriga tion of wounds this time. However, surgicalRead MoreImportant Discoveries And Contributions That Were Made By Three Famous Mathematicians1213 Words   |  5 Pagesmathematicians from different cultures throughout time. An important era when great mathematical discoveries were made was during Medieval Times, or the Middle Ages. In this paper we discuss important discoveries and contributions that were made by three famous mathematicians of this time period including French Nicole Oresme, German Jordanus Nemorarius and Italian Leonardo Pisano, better known for his nickname of Fibonacci. Key-Words: - Medieval, Mathematics, Fibonacci, Arithmetic, Sequence 1 IntroductionRead MoreThe Muslims Of Medieval Italy By Alex M Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Muslims of Medieval Italy by Alex Metcalfe Less than two hundred years after the death of the prophet Muhammad the rule of Islam had spread from the Arab Peninsula to Italy after the Roman Empire had crumbled away; eventually it spread all the way to Iberia. The book The Muslims of Medieval Italy by Alex Metcalfe focuses on the Muslim-Christian dynamic and the respective ruling entities by examining the chronological timeline of events and more cultural history of the dynamic in the regionRead MoreHow Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans1696 Words   |  7 PagesEric Green Urban British Literature 1st 3 December 2015 How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans In life majority of people believe telling the truth is the correct way of living. Truth has endured the world throughout time and is seemingly unanswerable to those who do not understand it because this subject appears in every culture. Truth goes along with universal questions such as what is beauty, justice, and power. And love but none have a direct answer because they are all dependent on

Mod Free Essays

A supervisor Is defined as â€Å"someone who supervises as In a large business or enterprise,† supervise Itself means â€Å"to be In charge of (someone or something) : to watch and direct (someone or something)† this means that the Job Is still built and run with the same basic and fundamental Ideas of dervish, Interpersonal skill and professional actions In day to day work such as hilling and directing as needed. Though the functions of the Job are oriented around a new Idea for the switch, the functions themselves are the same. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Mod or any similar topic only for you Order Now Do you think that supervision can be learned through books and study or only through experience? Why? I believe that good supervision can be learned through books and study, however, supervision itself is a skill and therefore must be taught hands on not only through study. Experience is a key to learning a skill such as supervision because it involves instructing others what to do, one cannot have the confidence to lead others by nearly reading a book and Jumping in. In order to learn how to lead and supervise you must have the experience of being in command preceded by the experience learned in books and study. 3. Explain the glass ceiling: The glass ceiling refers to the concept that states that the majority of successful business leaders and supervisors are â€Å"white male† and there is an invisible barrier now as â€Å"the glass ceiling’ holding women and minorities back from progression in the business world. Diversity is very slowly growing in business however this still seems to be a problem. Greater diversity is a need because in today’s world a business must have different languages and cultural viewpoints, the glass ceiling prevents this. 4. Explain entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs are people who start, manage, work In and operate their own businesses. Pond these tasks an entrepreneurs must also proved the professional did of supervision to their own company, Including all the liableness, risk and taxes. The rewards of entrepreneurship are great personal accomplishment and profit If done properly. Mod 1 By Sketchbooks would also do well at a bank. A supervisor is defined as â€Å"someone who supervises as in a large business or enterprise,† supervise itself means â€Å"to be in charge of that the Job is still built and run with the same basic and fundamental ideas of leadership, interpersonal skill and professional actions in day to day work such as ring and directing as needed. Though the functions of the Job are oriented around a new idea for the switch, the functions themselves are the same. Known as â€Å"the glass ceiling† holding women and minorities back from progression in Entrepreneurs are people who start, manage, work in and operate their own businesses. Upon these tasks an entrepreneurs must also proved the professional side of supervision to their own company, including all the liabilities, risk and taxes. How to cite Mod, Papers

Health and Communication

Question: Describe about healthy communication. Answer: Communication is an important and integral part of everyones life, without it we cannot survive. Nor-verbal and verbal communication starts when a person is born and only ends when he or she dies. This transfer of information between people plays a crucial part in a health care setting. The effective nursing relationship is dependent on the relationship between a client and the nurse. The relationship should be always helping or therapeutic. This can be achieved when the patient trusts the nurse. This trust is based on communication as patients in a health care setting view nurse as a person who they can open up to. They should feel that they can talk about their concerns without the fear of being judged (Bolster Manias2010). If the patient feels that the nurse is uncaring and distant it will only add to the stress that the patient is already encountering. Greetings and eye contact play a crucial role, as when meeting for the first time with the patient the nurse should greet and reach out to the patient. This will make the patient feel inclined to share his or her feelings (Fakhr-Movahedi, Salsali, Negarandeh Rahnavard, 2011). There are numerous hidden aspects of communication and tone of voice is among one of them. A simple greeting like Good morning can be interpreted differently if spoken with a different character and tone of voice. As a nurse you should be alert to know the different tones (Devik, Enmarker, Hellzen, 2013). If a nurse greets a patient for the first time in the morning and gets a Good morning reply in an emotional tone, it may be that the patient is worried or disturbed due to something. If he is cheerful it means that he is happy with his recovery and treatment. Lastly if he replies back in an angry tone it could be something is bothering him. Sincerity, kindness and courtesy are key components in communication in a nursing profession. Communication helps in performing consistent and accurate nursing work. There are different forms of communications like verbal and non verbal communication. Verbal communication is when words are used to present feelings, thoughts and ideas. A nurse should be a good verbal communicator, which means that they should know how to present their ideas as well as they should listen to people carefully. Non verbal communication is such where opinions and ideas are expressed through contact, signs, objects, pictures, tone of voice, facial expressions, body language and gestures (McGilton , Sorin-Peters , Sidani , Rochon , Boscart , Fox ,2010). In order to communicate well a person has to go through a communication cycle. This cycle can have numerous barriers such as lack of interest, emotional barriers, cultural differences, use of jargons, differences in viewpoint, and stereotyping (Garra , Albino , Chapman , Singer , Thode ,2010). In a health care setting there are numerous other barriers such as noise, anxiety, lack of privacy, and communication being blocked by other staff (Jahromi Ramezanli, 2014). A nurse can effectively manage and minimize these barriers if he or she has conscious awareness. They have to possess skills to focus on the patient and demonstrate active listening. They should always look for cues and ask open questions. They should remain silent while the patient is replying and should screen the patient for any other cue (Fakhr-Movahedi, Salsali , Negharandeh , Rahnavard , 2011). The nurses should provide small information at a time by avoiding medical jargons and using clear terms. They should avoid p roviding details until it is required. They should pause and wait for a response before moving on. Refection is equally important in effective communication between a nurse and a patient. As the nurse should repeat what the patient has said to show that they have heard what the patient has said. Listening is also very important in a nursing profession as the nursing profession requires concentration and attention. Nurses not only assess the problem and the situation of the patient but also enhance the self esteem of the patient by actively listening to them. Active listening is a way of sharing patients feelings and thoughts. As you listen and repeat you check with the patient and clarify (Kourkouta Papathanasiou, 2014). This prevents the patients to feel invisible and isolated. Empathy is the ability that lets a nurse enter the relational world of the client and to feel and see this world as the client feels and sees it. This ability helps in attending the subjective experience of the client and to validate his or her understanding in an accurate way. Empathy is the ability to understand and enter the experience of a different person and this is important in a nursing profession as it helps a nurse to understand, and support the patients. Patients expect a nurse to show sympathy, interest and to understand the difficulty that they are facing as they are seeking more than just treatment. During treatment there are times when the patient may feel the need for a therapeutic relationship to make the treatment a little less challenging. This is when empathy plays a crucial part as patients need the support of the nurses to understand a negative experience. There are numerous reasons that can prevent a person to listen empathically to someone. Some of these reasons are identifying rather than empathizing, feeling tired, trying to listen to more than one person, not interested, making judgments, preoccupation, sympathizing rather than empathizing and having a closed mind. In a health care setting a nurse has to be an empathic listener as it is in the course of taking care of the medicines, treatment and care of the patient. Confidentiality and privacy are the basic rights given by the society. Confidentiality should be applied regarding the protected information of the patients. Safeguarding these rights is a legal and ethical obligation of all health care providers (Sohrabi, Alimohammadi , 2010). Nurses should understand the need to keep patients confidentiality as their relationship with the client depends on it. It is a sacred trust that the patient is placing in the health care system. It is the duty of the health care providers tha t they protect the well being of the patients that are entrusted to their care. It is in human nature to discuss and talk about things that are common but care should be taken while discussing about patients. Due to increasing communication technology and the nature of the social media nurses should remain vigilant regarding posting images, and recordings that unintentionally breech their obligation towards protecting the patients confidentiality. Breaching confidentiality is failing the patient autonomy. It is betrayal of the trust that the patient has shown in the health care providers. This breach could lead to a disciplinary action against the person who made the disclosure. An action can be taken against the person as well as his or her employer. In case of a health care setting a disciplinary proceeding can take place. A fine can also be imposed on the employer. Although confidentiality is a right of the patient but it is not absolute as there are some legitimate exceptions when doctors or nurses can breach confidentiality. Some of these instances are when the patient has himself given consent (disclosure with consent), when it is important to share clinical information with other staff (multidisciplinary teams) members for the management of the patient, sharing the information to the patients family until the patient has specifically requested not share the information with family members, disclosure in the interest of the public (when informing local officers about a communicable disease that the patient may have and it needs to be controlled), and when there is a risk to the safety of others or to prevent crime. A patients medical records are the most sensitive of personal records and therefore care should be taken with these records (Cowen Yentis,2012). The records that are kept in the health care sector should be timely, accurate, honest and clear. Poor record keeping can lead to adversely affecting the patient treatment and recovery. These records document the assessments on the progress of the patient care therefore quality should be a priority (Eikey, Murphy , Reddy, Xu , 2015). These entries should be made in detail as the patient treatment depends on these records. The nurses are usually responsible in maintaining these records as the review and assess the patients condition the most. The progress, issues and concerns all have to be documented. It is important that these notes are clear a s patients and other non medical personnel can also review these notes. Any comments that are of personal nature should be avoided to be documented in these notes (Jackson Lim, 2011). It is not unusual that an incorrect entry is made in a busy environment like a hospital therefore special care should be taken about the time, year and correct date (Lin Lin, 2011). It is advisable to not delete or remove anything from these records as that may look suspicious. These records are required for effective communication between health care professionals that are attending on the patient. Failure to maintain a comprehensive medical record may compromise the management and care of the patient. Despite their importance medical records are given low priority as these notes are poorly maintained and many times are not readily available. Due to numerous incidences of poor record keeping there are numerous cases of litigation that have been against health care professionals. Therefore it is cruci al that these medical records are kept simple, clear and accurate. These records reflect the quality of care that was provided to the patient. References Bolster, D Manias, E.,2010, Person-centred interactions between nurses and patients during medication activities in an acute hospital setting: Qualitative observation and interview study.International Journal of Nursing Studies,47(2):154165 Cowen,RYentis, S.,2012,Patient confidentiality and internet foraa word of warning.Anaesthesia,67( 2):15 Devik, S, Enmarker, A Hellzen, O ., 2013, When expressions make impressionsNurses narratives about meeting severely ill patients in home nursing care: A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach to understanding.Int J Qual Stud Health Well-bein, 8(1), 10 Eikey, EV, Murphy ,AR, Reddy, MC Xu , H., 2015., Designing for privacy management in hospitals: Understanding the gap between user activities and IT staff's understandings.Int J Qual Stud Health Well-bein, 84(12), 1065-75. Fakhr-Movahedi, A, Salsali, M, Negarandeh, R, Rahnavard, Z., 2011 Exploring contextual factors of the nurse-patient relationship: A qualitative study.Koomesh , 13(1):2334 Fakhr-Movahedi A, Salsali M, Negharandeh R, Rahnavard Z., 2011, A qualitative content analysis of nurse-patient communication in Iranian nursing.Int Nurse Rev,58:171180 Garra G, Albino H, Chapman H, Singer A. J, Thode H. C.,2010, The Impact of Communication Barriers on Diagnostic Confidence and Ancillary Testing in the Emergency Department.The Journal of emergency medicine,38(5):681685 Jackson LLim,M., 2011,Knowledge and practice of confidential data handling in the Welsh Deanery: a brief report.J Med Ethics;37:58-60 Jahromi M.K Ramezanli, S ., 2014. Evaluation of Barriers Contributing in the Demonstration of an Effective Nurse-Patient Communication in Educational Hospitals of Jahrom.Glob J Health Sci, 6(6) , 5460 Kourkouta L Papathanasiou, I V., 2014, Communication in Nursing Practice.Mater Sociomed, 26(1), 6567 Lin Y-K, Lin C-J., 2011 Factors predicting patients' perception of privacy and satisfaction for emergency care.Emerg Med J, 28(7):604608 McGilton K, Sorin-Peters R, Sidani S, Rochon E, Boscart V, Fox M., 2010, Focus on communication: increasing the opportunity for successful staff-patient interactions.Int J Older People Nurs, 6:1324 Sohrabi, MR Alimohammadi , H., 2010, Privacy, Confidentiality and Facility Criteria in Designing Emergency Departments of the Teaching Hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2007.Int J Qual Stud Health Well-bein, 10(1), 36-41

Inventory System free essay sample

Abstract The purpose of this study is to apply a MySQL database-equipped inventory system to a sample cellphone retail store where it would manage the store’s product inventory and improve the physical-writing of daily/monthly inventory reports for them to examine. It will be a process integration where we will install a computer system to help them generate an inventory report that they’ll just have to input certain data and the system would provide them of a formatted document. We haven’t actually produced any results yet since we are starting to process the system’s requirements and interface of a cellphone store and thus, this section of the abstract would be improve until the important data for this report is already obtained. II. Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge the help of our Software Engineering course professor, Mr. Rolando Fajardo, for motivating us to strive hard and gave us the necessary sample materials to complete and further understand the completion of this documentation of our project. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventory System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We would also like to acknowledge the help and support that we got from our fellow colleagues here at Far Eastern University – Makati for the guidance and certain help they gave us while conducting and making this documentation III. Dedication We dedicate this documentation for all our batch mates and our fellow Information Technology students here at Far Eastern University – Makati as this documentation may inspire them to strive hard and further improve their skills as the future’s next leading programmers, designers and all other types of workers in the field of Information Technology. Introduction While it is somehow proven that physically-written reports are mostly fool-proof evidence of a legitimate or official document in certain businesses, it really takes too much time and effort for people to actually write these kinds of reports for their business. With a generation that mostly relies on technology nowadays, we do not consider anymore this kind of process of making it and now depending on computer to make one for us with just simply placing data in a certain program that would generate a well-designed report to be examined by people. Background of the Study In our technology-dependent generation right now, it is easy to say that written documents are already out of style right now since some computer applications or software are now integrated to analyse, formulate and produce documents that are well-formatted and well-designed by these programs. Our MySQL database-equipped cellphone inventory system would integrate the usual paper-recording of product inventory in certain store in which, we will apply this for a cellphone inventory store that usually updates their inventory for their stock availability, products sold and stock left in their store. We will integrate their system of updating it through a software inventory system that’s powered by a MySQL database to ease the burden of writing/recording and making an inventory report for daily or monthly sales report for their store. Research Paradigm Input Process Output New Product/Item (Details) Adding of New Item in Inventory (w/ Details) Report that a new item was added New Stock for Products Updating Inventory for new stock (Stock column) Report that stock column has been updated with new stock quantity Edit details of product Editing Inventory for details of a product Report that product details has been edited Delete product from Inventory Removal of Item/Product from Inventory Report that product has been removed from inventory Daily Sales Data Processing of store’s transactions Written/Formatted Report of Daily Sales Monthly Sales Data Processing of store’s transactions (w/in the whole month) Written/Formatted Report of store’s Monthly Sales Statement of the Problem The focus of this study is whether an inventory system equipped with a MySQL database would work for a cellphone store storing, updating, and deleting their products and its details for easy-completion of their store inventory. Significance of the Study We are motivated to pursue this study because of the application of an inventory system equipped with MySQL database for a cellphone store to integrate their store’s inventory system and to ease the paperwork usually needed to record the all of the products that go to their inventory Scope and Delimitation The scope of this study covers the adding, updating/editing, removing and other necessary tasks that a cellphone retail store does for their inventory management. This system integrates the written documents that were usually used before in writing an inventory report of their products and additional details that is necessary for it. The delimitation of this system is that it only covers the basic inventory process that these stores need for their inventory management. Additional features would be optional since our system would only be focusing on the main inventory process of the business. Added features are expected not to work efficiently or perfectly as of this moment since we are just integrating the basic functions of their inventory process. Definition of Terms Inventory an itemized list of current assets: as a catalogue of the property of an individual or estate or a list of goods on hand Inventory Management is vitally important for any business that sells a physical product. Cellular phone/Cellphone portable phone: a portable telephone operated through a cellular radio network Database collection of data on computer: a systematically arranged collection of computer data, structured so that it can be automatically retrieved or manipulated MySQL MySQL is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS) based on Structured Query Language (SQL). VI. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign Literature(both should be from 2009-2014) Foreign Studies Local Literature Local Studies VII. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Specification of Research Design Respondents of the Study Research Instrument Data-Gathering Procedure/Source of Data VIII. Chapter 4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary of FindingsConclusionsRecommendations Further for Further Studies BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES Letter of Request for Permission to Conduct Survey Questionnaire Curriculum Vitae USER’s MANUAL ( separate document) Inventory System free essay sample A perpetual inventory tracking system is a method of immediately accounting for inventory sales in the inventory account, if there is no theft or spoilage. It is an inventory management system where store balances of inventory are recorded after every transaction. It eliminates the need for the store to close down constantly for inventory stock-taking as perpetual inventory systems allow for continuous stock-taking. Perpetual inventory systems keep a running account of the companys inventory. Perpetual inventory systems involve more record-keeping than periodic inventory systems. Every inventory item is kept on a separate ledger. These inventory ledgers contain information on cost of goods sold, purchases, and inventory on hand. Perpetual inventory management systems allow for a high degree of control of the companys inventory by management. Perpetual inventory management is generally used by companies who have the ability to scan the inventory items sold and who use  point-of-sale inventory systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventory System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Perpetual inventory systems provide the business owner with a record of what is sold, where it was sold from, when it was sold, and for what price it was sold. As a result, it allows for businesses to have more than one location with one centralized inventory management system. Even with a perpetual inventory management system, the company still needs to shut down at least annually to do a periodic, or manual, inventory count. The scanned data should tell the business owner exactly what inventory should be on hand. The major advantage of doing a periodic inventory count is to determine how much inventory has been lost, stolen, or subject to spoilage. What is a Periodic Inventory System? A periodic inventory system does not require day-to-day tracking of physical inventory. Purchases, cost of goods sold, and inventory on hand cannot be tracked until the end of the accounting time period when a physical inventory is performed and ending inventory is compared against the sum of beginning inventory and purchases. Cost of ending inventory can be calculated by using the  LIFO or FIFO inventory accounting methods, or other less common methods. Inventory System free essay sample Technology in todays modern society is constantly evolving at a rapid pace. Almost every thing that surrounds us is all about technology. The need of technology is affecting almost every area of society, including companys businesses. In today’s business environment, even small and mid-sized businesses have come to rely on sales and inventory systems. Advanced system on sales provide more reliable recording of sales of the company. Sales and inventory makes the company more productive, efficient and convenient to the company and its clients. This sales and inventory system is meant to help the company to show to their customers that they are inline with the use of technology for its demand is extremely high. By providing more reliable recording of sales of the company, hoping to increase their sales and most to increase the profit of the company. Using the computerized way of inventory is much more superior and far quicker than using the manual system. We will write a custom essay sample on Inventory System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Indeed, implementing sales and inventory system on a company is a big help because it lessen the work load of the employees and minimize the factor of human error. Inventory systems are use in many different companies today as a tool to make sure the company strives into success. Inventory systems serve several different functions for businesses; one purpose is promoting the sales function by ensuring that a sufficient amount of product is available for customers. Another purpose is shrinkage control, that is monitoring the frequency of loss, theft, or breakage of products received. Another very important function of inventory control systems is asset valuation; that is establishing the value of the products on the shelf for tax purposes at the end of the tax year. According to the Small Business Administration, all inventory systems strive to strike a balance between managing costs and the business advantages of a broad selection of goods to offer to customers. 1. 2Research Objectives 1. 2. 1 General Objectives The main purpose of this research is to develop a useful sales and inventory system for one of the franchise of Waffle Time. A system that has the capability to encode the different lists of products. To add, edit and delete. To add a new list in the existing list. To edit the current list. And to delete a list that do not exist anymore. We also aim to keep track the sales and inventory products. The sold products are deducted from the stored items in the inventory system. The sale must be the totality of the products purchased of the customer in the sales system. 1. 2. 2 Specific Objectives To design a user-friendly interface that can easily be familiarized by the user. To produce appropriate reports of the sales. To produce appropriate reports of the inventory. To develop a Sale and Inventory System for the Waffle Time business that will give solutions to the inconvenience caused of using the manual system. Scope and Limitation of the Research This research aims to create sales and inventory system that provides user efficient working environment and to provide more reliable and appropriate sales and inventory of the business. This system covers only the sales and inventory of the Waffle Time business franchise USLS branch (not sure if we can this branch). This system provides user-friendly interface resulting for each of the employee knows each and every usability features of the system. This system also helps in tracking records of the business.

More matter with less art Essay Example

More matter with less art Essay Example More matter with less art Paper More matter with less art Paper His prating in this scene can, in some, undoubtedly raise a cynical smile; Polonius is interpreted as a comical character; the fact the Queen demands More matter with less art. is coupled with Polonius artful way of denying hell use it is a prime example of the irony in this scene. He can be therefore viewed as a clownish figure by many audiences. It may be the case, despite the irony displayed in his choice of words, that he is simply afraid of being the purveyor of bad news, especially news he delivers after being wrong about Hamlets madness. But, as we see, after Polonius asks the question What do you think of me?, Claudius answers Of a man faithful and honourable.. If Claudius was to think otherwise, it would be obvious Polonius would not be Secretary of State. Polonius pomposity can be seen in Shakespeares presentation of him in his scene with Reynaldo. He relates to Reynaldo on a high, somewhat elitist level, referring to himself of wisdom and of reach. He may be presented as pompous in the scene with the King and Queen concerning Hamlets madness also; from the prating displayed in an earlier quote he may be interpreted by audience as someone who is showing off his intellect, language skills and deep thought. Despite this, Polonius has not been wrong in the past; he may have the right to be as pompous as he is, because his actions have always been right before, and he thinks they will be now. It is also arguable that Shakespeare presents Polonius in his dealings with his son Laertes as authoritative and over intrusive, and somewhat of self-interest. In the key scene with Reynaldo, one can assume that Polonius list of activities that he wishes Laertes to be restrained from, including drinking, fencing, swearing, quarrelling, / Drabbing, that Polonius wants no scandal on him. His methods of finding out the truth, especially the apparent loss of grip on his speech (possibly being a trick) suggest that Polonius is not concerned about Laertes well-being; rather he could be worried his familys reputation. However, Polonius can be seen as very sensible in his advice to Reynaldo in relation to Laertes; although it is restrictive, he does say to allow Laertes to have fun; also, in his advice to Laertes, concerning things such as friends: grapple them unto thy soul with hoops of steel; clothes: costly thy habit as thy purse can buy; money: neither a borrower or a lender be and socialising: Give each man thy ear, but few thy voice he is very succint and wise in approach. The last two lines, Thou canst not then be false to any man. Farewell, my blessing season this in thee., can be seen as very selfless and purely for the good of his son. Furthermore, Laertes apparent and civilised respect found just as Polonius enters later, remarking that A double blessing is a double grace; Occasion smiles upon a second leave. again shows Laertes courtesy towards his father as a very wise man and a person of great importance to him. Later in the play, seemingly in another act of parental restriction, Polonius is presented to involve himself in relations with Ophelia and Hamlet in a meddlesome manner. He does not want a daughter that would succumb to what he thinks Hamlet is after: sexual relations, and those alone. Shakespeare could be presenting Polonius as using a lie as an example to sway her, and he says how he does know, / When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul / Lends the tongue vows., maybe having her taking his view and keeping away from Hamlet, even though Hamlet seems to need Ophelia as someone to trust and rely on in a harsh time for him. Despite the fact Polonius can be seen to be over-intrusive with Ophelia, lying to her to sway her opinion of Hamlet, this may be in order to keep her safe. If he really has experience in matters of love, and that he does know, When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul Lends the tongue vows., this experience lends credit to Polonius dismissal of the authenticity of Hamlets intentions, especially with reference to Hamlets larger tether and how he can get away with more. It also adds credibility to his opinion of Ophelia as susceptible to fraudulent affections; and it seems very good parental control and advice (even though it does not work out), especially when we find that Ophelia remains attentive, and that she shall obey, my lord., echoing Laertes appreciation of Polonius authority. Polonius may also be seen as a conformist, and someone that will happily change his views of a person to make them happy and improve his image upon them. This idea is presented by Shakespeare in the discussion of cloud shapes Polonius has with Hamlet, where Hamlet tests Polonius to see if he conforms to his thoughts. As a result, Polonius falls into the trap and agrees with Hamlet on three very different shapes; Do you see yonder cloud thats almost in shape of a camel? By th mass and tis, like a camel indeed. then a weasel, and finally a whale. However, Polonius is probably frightened of Hamlet by this stage, and is could be interpreted as not wanting to annoy him, in fear of his own safety. As we tend to sympathise with Hamlet, we also agree with him on certain matters. However, he does remark to the players to look you mock him not, suggesting a recognition of the respect Polonius still deserves from others not involved in his battle, and as a result we see Polonius, presented through Hamlets eyes as an important person. Polonius is also seen in a better light after Hamlet has killed him, where he makes cruel jokes about his corpse; when asked where Polonius is, Hamlet speaks of him being at supper, Not where he eats, but where he is eaten; a certain convocation of politic worms are een at him.. From this, we view Hamlet and his actions in a more inhumane way, especially as Claudius acts in a much more favourable manner in response, pronouncing Alas, alas! after he realises what has become of Polonius. It is evident through the shock of the King, Queen and Ophelias response to Hamlets less agreeable actions that Polonius is a very important man to Claudius, Ophelia and Gertrude. The aftermath of Polonius secret burial has large effects on many; his people go into uproar and when news travels to Laertes, he, in a fit of rage, declares he will go as far as eternal damnation to seek revenge. The people of Denmark are muddled, thick and unwholesome in their thought and whispers for good Polonius death and rise in rebellion to make his son king. It is safe to say that if Hamlet was truly right about Polonius knavish qualities that there would be no after effects of his death. After, when Laertes followers leave, Claudius manages to calm Laertes a little. However, when Ophelia enters and starts singing of a funeral, where in his grave rained many a tear, Laertes is distressed and angry at the person she has become since her fathers death. He is presented by Shakespeare as the man Ophelia loved, characterized by her mixing of love and death songs. Act 4 sees Ophelia drowning due to her madness, reported by the Queen to Laertes.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Ethics - Essay Example A third system of ethics is the deontological theory that lays emphasis on self-rule, acts of kindness, and universal justice. The fourth ethical theory is the virtue ethics. This theory contends that morals exist internally, laying more emphasis on the production of individuals who act ethically because they are naturally good people. Utilitarianism is the fifth widely accepted system of ethics. According to this theory, utilitarianism as a theory of ethics contends that actions need to be considered as wrong or right with regards to the consequences that the actions have. The theory makes an argument that good actions are those that give great happiness to as many individuals as possible (Wundt, 2010). Despite the fact that utilitarianism as an ethical theory has come in for some criticism, especially from the philosophical side, the theory is the most convincing of all the other mentioned ethical systems. Utilitarian Ethical System Utilitarianism as an ethical theory can be dated as far back as the 17th century. The theory is attributed to Thomas Hobbes, who was an ancient student of philosophy before it was reviewed Bentham in the 18th century and Stuart Mill reviewed it later (Ekland-Olson & Dirks, 2011). Stuart mill is regarded as the utilitarian theory’s father with research showing that, following his review of the theory, the theory became part of modern thought. Many people view the theory as a viable alternative to the more accepted Christianity. The reason that it is the most convincing of all the other ethical theories is because it tends to make a judgment on an act as either wrong or right depending on the act’s outcome (Ekland-Olson & Dirks, 2011). The implication of this is that, the utilitarian theory enables people to consider what consequence the act has before they elect to pursue a policy or action over other options that are available to them. When an individual considers the consequences of their individual actions, the the ory allows them to take other persons’ interests into account, rather than just their own personal interests. This is highly convincing when considered as an ethical system. Ethics involves doing what is right with regards to the interest of other individuals instead of doing it to suit one’s own interests. Thus, it is clear that the utilitarian ethical system is focused on the creation of a happier existence for as many persons in the society as possible (Ekland-Olson & Dirks, 2011). This factor makes the theory more convincing than others do. Utilitarianism is also made more convincing as a system of ethics by yet another factor that is its practicability and rationality. The utilitarianism ethics have their basis on a balanced calculation on how many persons can have their happiness and satisfaction maximized by the actions taken and their consequences (Smart, 2011). This is simple and clear, and through the application of utilitarianism as a fundamental standard fo r the judgment of what is wrong and what is right, it avoids the contamination of the moral of morality with perceptions that are irrational, feelings, as well as prejudices. The most essential factor that conveys the highly convincing status to this particular system of ethics is the fact that there is practicality in the rational computation principle (Smart, 2011). As an ethical system, the utilitarian t

Arabs' Generosity and Hospitality in the Arabian Peninsula Essay

Arabs' Generosity and Hospitality in the Arabian Peninsula - Essay Example Another major reason of the extreme generosity and hospitality of the Arabs is that they are encouraged by their religion to be that way. The influence on Islam on the culture of the Arabs cannot be overemphasized. This is evident from almost all good behaviors displayed by the Arabs. For example, the Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula frequently make use of these words in their everyday conversation with one another; inshaAllah and mashaAllah, which mean â€Å"if Allah wills so† and â€Å"as Allah has willed† respectively. Islam is the religion of a vast majority of Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam places immense emphasis on the hospitality of guests and encourages its followers to be highly generous to others. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) said, â€Å"Nothing shall ensure the welfare (and interests) of your religion except generosity and good disposition† (ezsoftech.com, 2011). This is the reason why Islam has a well-defined system of Zakat i.e. charity. While p aying Zakat is obligatory upon every Muslim who has assets or money above a certain limit, Islam also encourages its followers to pay more than just Zakat from what they have to the deserving; known as Sadqa in Islam. Allah says, â€Å"Take alms from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allah for them† (9:103 cited in Jabir al-Jaza'iry, 2013). In addition to Zakat and Sadqa, gift-giving is a very popular practice and tradition of Islam. Islam encourages its followers to exchange gifts with one another because it promotes love between them and causes the animosity to recede. It is important to note here that Islam has defined particular standards for gift-giving. Islam encourages its followers to give the same thing to others as gifts that they would choose... It is evident from the study that the Arabs consider being generous and hospitable a matter of honor and feel obliged to display it toward others as if it is a sacred duty that they have to perform. Arabs think of it more as an obligation and cultural duty to be generous and hospitable to each other as well as outsiders than simply a behavior. That is why they are famous for generosity and hospitality. Three main reasons of their generosity and hospitality are their centuries of living and trade in the deserts that made them extremely dependent upon one another, the teachings of Islam that place immense emphasis on the display of generosity and hospitality toward others, and the homogeneity of the culture and demographics of the Arab countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam is the religion of a vast majority of the Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula, and its impact and influence of the culture of the countries in the Arabian Peninsula is immense. The extreme generosity and hospitality o f the Arab people makes the foreigners feel like at home in the Arab countries. This has benefited both the Arabs and the foreigners as millions of foreigners are employed in the Arab countries and are contributing to the development and prosperity of the Arab countries. Both nationally and internationally, the Arab countries of the Arabian Peninsula have adopted the policies of generosity and hospitality which has helped them foster good relations with other countries of the world.

Timber Products Corporation Case Study

Timber Products Corporation Case Study Lawler uses an effective strategy when entering the contracting process. He begins by setting a meeting with Richardson and Bowman for briefing on exact nature of services they require from him. He then analyzes the information given and gives his potential employers three different course of actions which they should take regarding a decision to hire him. He proposes recommending someone else, using his consultancy skills or receiving assistance from his students. Richardson and Bowman opt for the third alternative. Lawler also opts to develop an independent investigation of the plant in order to disclose the issues facing it as opposed to relying on the management to provide information on the same. He uses his students judgment skills together with his personal skills to analyze the perception of the problem from both the employees viewpoint and the consultants viewpoints. This information forms the basis of developing a report. This independent report forms gives recommendations which may solve issues facing the plant. Lawler is also careful to discuss the issues of payment with the management. He decides to charge them for three consultancy day every week in addition to expenses occurred in visits to the plant with his students. 3. Do you think Lawler faces any resistance in getting the manager and supervisor to support this effort? Why or why not? If yes, what can be done to reduce any resistance? (10 points) I think that Lawler faces challenges as far as the supervisor and manager are involved in supporting his efforts. This is due to the fact that he is an outsider to the company and these employees may be suspicious of his intentions. Employees are usually suspicious of intentions of third parties who they may view to be a threat to their careers. They are aware that there are certain weaknesses present in the plant and they may not cooperate fully for fear of being implicated in the shortcomings. In addition, recommendations are usually made at the end of the report by Lawler. The supervisor and manager are unsure of recommendations which may be made, which they may view to be a threat to their careers. Many employees also oppose organizational change due to uncertainty associated with it, which is another reason the supervisor and manager may not be cooperative for fear of change which will result as a basis of the report developed by Lawler. 4. List the problems that Richardson and Bowman see in the plant (do not include your own opinions). (5 points) There are various problems which are seen in the plant according to Bowmans and Richardsons views. One of the major problems regards safety. Employees are seen to be working in unsafe working environments where they are exposed to injury. A while back, one employee was fatally injured when working and this led to several employees quitting work in frustration. This is a problem which Bowman and Richardson aim at solving. Another problem involved employee motivation. Bowman was under the impression that employees had low morale and that they needed a motivation course to boost their motivation levels. Another problem involved the authoritative rule which was employed by one plant manager. Bowman needed advice regarding the issue of authoritative leadership by the plant manager. Richardson and Bowman hoped to use Lawlers expertise to solve these challenges facing the plant. 5. Using the open systems framework, discuss each of the following elements as related to the information in this case: (5 points for each, 35 points) A. Inputs Inputs in this case are organizational change, teamwork, motivation and human resource management. These inputs are likely to change the perception which employees have on their facility and increase their motivation levels. However, they should be involved in the process if they are to achieve the goals set. B. Outputs The output in this case is increased safety records, improvement in employee motivation and effective leadership by managers. The organizational changes effected will trigger change among organizational players and these outputs will be achieved. C. Each of the design components These will be classified into human process interventions, techno-structural interventions, human resource management interventions and strategic interventions. Human process interventions should involve team building. Techno-structural interventions should involve total quality management. Human resource management intervention should involve analyzing employee welfare, remuneration and their training. Finally, strategic intervention should involve culture change where change is effected in leadership, communication and teamwork. 6. Discuss how the elements of the system fit together or do not fit together. Use this analysis as the basis to identify problems you see in this facility. (20 points) In order to achieve higher employee motivation, employees should be effectively remunerated and trained. This forms the basis of the first problem since the system does not fit together. In the facility, employees are not effectively trained and they work for longer hours hence low morale. In order to achieve a clean safety record, employees should have safety clothing and equipment. These elements do not fit since in the plant, employees do not have access to these clothing and equipment and the ones present are of low quality. It is therefore difficult to achieve a good safety record hence the fatality in the plant. In order for an organization to enjoy effective leadership, the democratic leadership style should be employed. In the case study, the authoritative style is used and hence the system does not fit and forms the basis of the leadership problems facing the plant. The management should implement changes which will be discussed below in order to ensure that the system compo nents fit and organizational goals are met. Some of these changes include human process interventions, techno-structural interventions, human resource management interventions and strategic interventions. 7. Chapters 9 and 12 through 22 present OD interventions. Which interventions do you believe are applicable in this case? Explain. (15 points) There are several OD interventions which should be applied in order to solve the issues which arise in the case. These will be classified into human process interventions, techno-structural interventions, human resource management interventions and strategic interventions. Human process interventions should involve team building where employees should be taken to a serene environment where they can interact with each other and with their managers. This will improve their motivation and communication with top leadership. Techno-structural interventions should involve total quality management. This is the improvement of all processes in the fir to achieve goals of all stakeholders. When TQM is implemented, safety issues and leadership will improve since the goals of all stakeholders will be taken into account. Human resource management intervention should involve analyzing employee welfare, remuneration and their training. When employees are well trained, remunerated and their welfare improved, they will have high motivation levels thereby solving the problem of low morale. Finally, strategic intervention should involve culture change where change is effected in leadership, communication and teamwork. This will motivate employees and they are likely to give higher output. 8. Lawler has employed you as on OD practitioner to assist with this project: A. Who should be involved in the initial feedback meeting? (5 points) The initial feedback meeting should involve the two organizational leaders who hired Lawler to undertake investigations into the issues facing the plant. It should also involve Lawler and the OD practitioner. All other parties should be involved in later stages in order to safeguard the investigations and prevent sabotage or interference in the investigations by employees and manager who may oppose organizational change. B. How should Lawler describe the sources of the information? (hint: issues of confidentiality) (5 points) Lawler should not disclose the individual sources of information and should present them as employees and managers. This is due to the importance of confidentiality in such a process. Confidentiality is the major factor which enabled Lawler to gain trust from employees and receive feedback on various issues. If their identities are given away, they may not be cooperative in future. The management may also sabotage the process through intimidating employees who are perceived to have given adverse details or comments. C. Write an outline of the feedback session Dr. Lawler will use to make the presentation (15 points) a) The first stage involves conveying a meeting with Bowman and Richardson, the OD practitioner and I. This meeting should be convened at a time which is convenient to all parties involved and it should be held in a confidential location. b) The second stage is providing a summary of the report developed. This report should dwell on different issues facing the plant from the perspectives of both the employees and consultants. Individual names of employees and managers who provided the information will not be disclosed. c) The third stage is providing a diagnosis of the problems facing the plant. These problems which range from safety issues, poor leadership from the plant manager and low employee morale will be discussed in detail. Evidence in support of the same will also be provided. d) The fourth stage is providing recommendations on steps which the management should take to deal with the challenges experienced. These will range from increase in employee remuneration and decrease in working hours to increase motivation, improvement in safety equipment and clothing as well as applying other non-financial means of motivation. e) The fifth step is explaining the various stages of implementing these changes. There is also the need to involve employees and managers in this process in order to ensure effectiveness. Employees and managers who totally oppose the changes should be sacked since they will be barriers to achievement of these goals. f) Finally periodic evaluations should be done to ascertain the effectiveness of the changes. The management will be encouraged to user tools such as employee feedback to assess whether the changes have achieved goals intended including improvement of safety, leadership and increase in employee motivation. D. How do you think meeting participants will react to the information presented? Can anything be done to temper or diffuse these reactions? (5 points) Participants are likely to embrace the report developed since they hired Lawler to develop solutions to problems they experienced. The initial meeting with four members is likely to beg for time to discuss the report and is not likely to reject the findings. However, managers and employees may reject findings owing to the normal opposition to organizational change earlier discussed. The management should hold dialog with employees and managers to sensitize them on the benefits of the report in order for them to embrace it and participate in implementing the recommendations.

Commodifying Children Through Cartoon

2. Abstract Cartoons are the most frequent, popular and easily accessible source of entertainment to children. Because in today‘s world cartoon industry is one of the most successful and bustling industries in the global market various multinational corporate companies using cartoon in order to attract and influence children to buy their commodity. The present study on ? Commodifying Children through Cartoon: An Anthropological Research on Bangladeshi Children living in Urban Area? ims to find out how various corporate and international company using cartoon to immerse young children with commodity and into popular culture and what kind of effects children show as they begin to associate themselves with more materialistic possessions. For gaining in-depth understanding of the situation several anthropological methods such as observation, informal interviews, Participatory Urban Appraisal, Focus Group Discussion, Questionnaire Survey will be carried out for this study and also S econdary data will be used to support the research study.From this study researcher is expecting to find out that there is a relationship between cartoon endorsement and children impulse buying. It means when a children sees a cartoon endorsed products he/she insists to buy the product. Key words: Cartoon, Children, Commodity, Impulse buying, Corporate Company, Popular culture, Globalization. 3. Introduction: In Today‘s World Consumerism is fundamental to society. The marketing industry is integral to the economy and includes countless businesses and corporations that compete vigorously to survive and increase profits.Therefore they must use marketing strategies that will convince people to buy their products. Over the years, marketing strategies have developed into complicated psychologically targeted persuasive techniques for persuading, manipulating, and altering consumer perceptions. Furthermore, as corporations have advanced their understanding of marketing, they have als o begun to follow people‘s social trends and focus their attention on audiences that wield the most power and money. Over the years, this focus has turned toward children. Marketers now see children as potential and ucrative consumers who can be influenced through media to desire certain products and to either buy or persuade their parents to purchase for them. Because most of the children watch cartoon in their leisure time big corporate company are now using cartoon to sell their product. Over the last several years, child-directed advertising has grown exponentially. These increases indicate that corporations believe in their marketing strategies and therefore continue to invest in them to increase their profits. And for good reason: consumers respond.Children spend on average twenty hours in front of TV in a week and see hundreds of advertisement related to child product. In effect, previous researches have shown that when children reach first grade, they have received an average of 50 new toys a year and can recognize approximately 30 name brands. By age six, girls begin immersing themselves into popular culture, while boys already show interest in masculine commercials and violent video games. This immersion of young children into popular culture consequently has some startling effects as children begin to associate themselves with products and demand more materialistic possessions.There are a few grounds or open space left in urban area of Bangladesh in which children can play. As a result children are spending most of their time in home watching TV especially watching cartoon related program. As the numbers of channels have increased in the recent years so as the Cartoon and advertisement related to cartoon which have allowed the companies to directly access their desired target market. In Bangladesh – Cartoon Network, Disney, Nickelodeon, Pogo and Disney XD provide such platform to the companies to reach the children market.Marketers adve rtise their products through different cartoon characters and promoting different premium offers which make the children to buy these products instantly. Cartoon has become one of the main sources of their entertainment. Accordingly, the cartoon industry is one of the most successful and bustling industries in the global market. Because cartoon has become one the main source of entertainment all around the world various company using cartoon, cartoon characters to sell their product. Today every child is trying to emulate the characters from which they get inspired and pushing themselves to be like them in every manner.If we follow a routine of a child, we can clearly observe that a child wakes up in the morning wearing Disney character Pajamas, roll out of bed sheet having some licensed character on it, his toothbrush and everything covered in his favorite cartoon characters and even in his breakfast he eats up cake or cereal packed in some cute cartoon box. Strapping his Ben Ten b ackpack he moves to school but this commercialism even does not stop in school boundaries. In today‘s world kids have more independence in making their decisions as compared to the earlier generations and they can influence their parents to buy what they like.Parents are spending more on their children these days because they have more disposable income in their hand due to smaller family size and dual incomes. So marketers are trying to catch the attention of children using different means like cartoon, cartoon related figure and advertisement to increase sell. In this research, researcher will try to find out how various corporate and market oriented company using cartoon to immerse young children with commodity(=products) and into popular culture and what kind of effects as children begin to associate themselves with more materialistic possessions.Researcher will also try to show how corporate company using globalization (in this case especially cartoon industry) to their a dvantage to produce a popular culture in order to increase their product sell. The present research proposal is contented in the following way: In 1st part, abstract, introduction, and background of the study, in 2nd part, conceptual and theoretical framework, statement of the problem, objective of the study, rationale of the study and finally research methodology, time plan are discussed. 4.Problematization: Background of study and Literature Review: Today‘s children are the future of the tomorrow. So basically the future depend on how children grow up, that‘s why it‘s important to know what kind of environment they‘re living in and what kind of mentality they‘re developing. If they don‘t learn how to treasure various social and cultural norms including family and friendship and if they grow up in the world of falsehood and consumption there is a possibility that they will become a doll of the corporate world.Bangladesh has a population of 160 mi llion and 73 million or 44 percent of the total populations are children. The total area of Bangladesh is 1,47,570 square km so it‘s a one of the densely populated area in the world. The urban area in Bangladesh is even more densely populated than the rural area and the numbers of urban people are increasing everyday as people from rural area coming to find a place to live in urban area. So there is a competition among people to occupy open space as there are almost no place left in residential area.As people occupying more and more open space and playground, children in urban area have few places left to play. They have to compete with each other to more and more to play in the ground. Therefore most of the children have no choice but to stay in the home and amuse themselves with electric media like TV, computer, video games etc. As the number of the channels grows in Bangladesh so are the cartoon channels. They spending countless hours in front of TV and watching various car toons like Doraemon, Pokemon, Ben 10 just by clicking their remote control.Various corporate company now aware of the situation where children spend a substantial amount of their time watching cartoon and they‘re now trying to use cartoon to take advantage of children. Marketers now see children as potential and lucrative consumers who can be influenced through advertising media to desire certain products and to either buy or persuade their parents to purchase for them. So now they‘re promoting cartoon which will specifically endorse their commodity.Furthermore, children, unlike adults, do not have the critical thinking and analytical skills necessary to make informed decisions and analyze situations; thus they are more vulnerable to manipulations that could harm them. Now the situation is reaching an alarming stage. Children are very willing to buy and associated themselves more with the product that have their favorite cartoon character with it. They are now engulfing themselves in the sea of commodity without realizing it.Although it is natural for society‘s values to change, it is unacceptable that mass marketing and corporate manipulations force society in the direction of carelessness and superfluity. Children's values are degrading into insignificance as they are manipulated into believing the messages corporations advertise. In the following section researcher will try to review some of the existing literature related to child consumerism and globalization. Born to Buy – Juliet B. Schor ?Born to Buy‘ is an excellent book written by Juliet B. Schor.This book is a major contribution to our understanding of a contemporary trend and its effects on the culture. Marketing targeted at kids is virtually everywhere — in classrooms and textbooks, on the Internet, even at Girl Scout meetings, slumber parties, and the playground. Product placement and other innovations have introduced more subtle advertising to movies and tele vision. Drawing on her own survey research and unprecedented access to the advertising industry, Juliet B. Schor, examines how marketing efforts of vast size, scope, and effectiveness have created â€Å"commercialized children. Ads and their messages about sex, drugs, and food affect not just what children want to buy, but who they think they are. In this groundbreaking and crucial book, Schor looks at the consequences of the commercialization of childhood and provides guidelines for parents and teachers. Selling Out Childhood – Kiku Adatto In this article Kiku Adatto reveals that advertising for children has been changing rapidly. Where 25 years ago marketing children‘s products revolve around ? innocence of the child‘ now it is not selling innocence but the selling out of innocence.Today‘s advertisement and market strategy even involve teen nude and sexuality, Teen Vogue is the perfect example for this perspective. She shows how image especially photograp hy‘s theme has change since World War 2 and how image carries subliminal message and how does corporate company use it to sell their product among children. When Childhood Gets Commercialized Can Childhood Be Protected? –Juliet B. Schor In this excellent article Juliet B. Schor shows how childhood is being commercialized through media ( TV, cinema, radio, advertisement, internet etc) and she also turn our attention to how corporate power spends billions of dollars to ommodify children, how this corporate company influence government to stop taking preventive public policy regarding child safety. Consuming Kids: The Hostile Takeover of Childhood – Susan Linn In Consuming Kids, psychologist Susan Linn takes a comprehensive and unsparing look at the demographic advertisers call â€Å"the kid market,† taking readers on a compelling and disconcerting journey through modern childhood as envisioned by commercial interests. Children are now the focus of a marketin g maelstrom, targets for everything from minivans to M counting books.All aspects of children's lives—their health, education, creativity, and values—are at risk of being compromised by their status in the marketplace. Globalization and Children: Exploring Potentials for Enhancing Opportunities in the Lives of Children and Youth. –Natalie Hevener Kaufman and Irene Rizzini In this book Natalie Hevener Kaufman and Irene Rizzini explore and explain how children have been excluded from our conceptualization of the world and our research about globalization.The contributors represent a variety of perspectives from different disciplines including anthropology, sociology, psychology, politics, international relations, law, and economics. Writers argued that Since today we look at the world from the vantage point and the sensibilities that came only through difficult conflicts about children and the meaning of childhood, unpacking those experiences will help us to bette r understand how other cultures are likely to react as their children become part of the forces altering the world everywhere today. Globalization (a Public Culture Book) – Arjun AppaduraiEdited by Arjun Appadurai this book is a collection of essays which makes a striking intervention in the increasingly heated debates surrounding the cultural dimensions of globalization. This books includes discussions about what globalization is and whether it is a meaningful term. Seeking an alternative to the dead-end debate between those who see globalization as a phenomenon wholly without precedent and those who see it simply as modernization, imperialism, or global capitalism with a new face, the contributors seek to illuminate how space and time are transforming each other in special ways in the present era.They examine how this complex transformation involves changes in the situation of the nation, the state, and the city. While exploring distinct regions—China, Africa, South America, Europe—and representing different disciplines and genres—anthropology, literature, political science, sociology, music, cinema, photography—the contributors are concerned with both the political economy of location and the locations in which political economies are produced and transformed.Apparently all the literacy discussed earlier focus on how media and globalization affect children but they did not focus on the idea that there might be a relation between cartoon endorsement and impulse buying and how various corporate and international companies using cartoon to immerse children into popular culture so that children will associate themselves with commodity. 5. Conceptual and theoretical framework For this study researcher is going to use various theoretical concepts. These concepts are drawn from various theorists.Researcher is mainly going to use Karl Marx theory on Media and commodity and also Arjun Appadurai‘s concept of ? Globalizationâ⠂¬Ëœ. First researcher is going to introduce and define the concept then researcher will try to show how they‘re related to each other and to the research problem and finally researcher will try justify why he‘s using these concepts. Cartoon: In this study researcher only going to refer certain type of shows as cartoon. Researcher define cartoon as, ? The two-dimensional illustrated visual art which is created to show on media (especially TV and internet) and supposedly to entertain children is called cartoon?.Researcher for the purpose of this study also called Japanese animation as cartoon. Biologically, a child (plural: children) is generally a human between the stages of birth and puberty. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as â€Å"a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier†. Children generally have fewer rights than adults and are classed as not able to make serious decisions, and legally must always be under the care of a responsible adult.For this study researcher refers child as anyone whose age is between (3. 5-12) years. Children: Capitalism and Corporate Capitalism: Capitalism is an economic system that is based on private ownership of the means of production and the production of goods or services for profit. Other elements central to capitalism include Capital accumulation and often competitive markets. Corporate capitalism refers to a capitalist marketplace characterized by the dominance of hierarchical, bureaucratic corporations, which are legally required to pursue profit.Commodification: By Commodification researcher refers to the process by which something which does not have an economic value is assigned a value and hence how market values can replace other social values. It describes a modification of relationships, formerly untainted by commerce, into commercial relationships in everyday use. Market: In capitali st society market is one kind of system where parties engage in exchange and usually these exchanges is conducted through money. There are usually two kinds of parties that mainly participate in market – 1. Buyer. 2.Seller Popular culture is a hopelessly commercial culture. It is mass produced for mass consumption. Its audience is a mass of non-discriminating consumers. The culture itself is formulaic, manipulative. It is a culture itself which is consumed with brain-numbed and brain-numbing passivity. Popular culture undermine folk culture in order to industrialized and commercialized society. Popular Culture: Globalization: Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.Put in simple terms, globalization refers to processes that promote world-wide exchanges of national and cultural resources. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the ri se of the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people and the dissemination of knowledge.For this the purpose of this study researcher going to mainly focus on effects of the first two aspect of globalization. By ? imagined world‘ researcher refer to the community of people where they belief to have same culture. An important fact of the world we live in today is that many persons on the globe live in such imagined ? worlds‘ and not just in local communities and thus are able to contest and sometimes even subvert the traditional or indigenous mentality that surround them. Imagined World:Mediascapes: ‘Mediascapes' refer both to the distribution of the electronic capabilities to produce and disseminate informati on (newspapers, magazines, television stations, film production studios, etc. ), which are now available to a growing number of private and public interests throughout the world and to the images of the world created by these media. These images of the world involve many complicated inflections, depending on their mode (documentary or entertainment), their hardware (electronic or pre-electronic), their audiences (local, national or transnational) and the interests of those who own and control them.What is most important about these mediascapes is that they provide (especially in their television, film and cassette forms) large and complex repertoires of narratives and images to viewers throughout the world, in which the world of commodity is produced. What this means is that many audiences throughout the world experience the media themselves as a complicated and interconnected repertoire of print, celluloid, electronic screens and billboards. As a result the lines between the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œrealistic' and the fictional landscapes they see are blurred. Mediascapes ‘ produced by private company tend to be image-centered, narrative-based accounts of strips of reality, and what they offer to those who experience and transform them is a series of elements (such as characters, plots and textual forms) out of which scripts can be formed of imagined lives, their own as well as those of others living in other places. Karl Marx Marxist theory emphasizes the importance of social class in relation to both media ownership and audience interpretation of media texts.Whilst content analysis and semiotics may shed light on media content, Marxist theory highlights the material conditions of media production and reception. Marxist ‘critical theory' exposes the myth of ‘value-free' social science. Marxist perspectives draw our attention to the issue of political and economic interests in the mass media and highlight social inequalities in media representations. Marxism helps to situate media texts within the larger social formation.Marxists view capitalist society as being one of class domination; the media are seen as part of an ideological arena in which various class views are fought out, although within the context of the dominance of certain classes; ultimate control is increasingly concentrated in monopoly capital; media professionals, while enjoying the illusion of autonomy, are socialized into and internalize the norms of the dominant or popular culture. Mass media research in this fundamentalist tradition interprets the ‘culture industries' in terms of their economic determination.According to this view, ‘the contents of the media and the meanings carried by their messages are†¦ primarily determined by the economic base of the organizations in which they are produced'. Consequently, ‘commercial media organizations must cater to the needs of advertisers and produce audience-maximizing products. The base/superstructur e model as applied to the mass media is associated with a concern with the ownership and control of the media. The ideological operation of the mass media in the West contributes to the reproduction of the capitalist system.Neo-Marxist stances have typically come to grant more active roles to audiences. As Curran et al. put it, whilst dominant meaning systems are seen as ‘molded and relayed' by the mass media, they are also seen as ‘adapted by audiences and integrated into class-based or â€Å"situated† meaning systems'. Researcher found both traditional Marxism and Neo-marxism perspective useful. So researcher is going to use both perspectives simultaneously. Arjun AppaduraiThe central problem of today‘s global interactions is the tension between cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization. A vast array of empirical facts could be brought to bear on the side of the ‘homogenization' argument, and much of it has come from the left end of the s pectrum of media studies and some from other, less appealing, perspectives. Most often, the homogenization argument subspeciates into either an argument about Americanization/globalization, or an argument about ‘commoditization‘, and very often the two arguments are closely linked.There will always be a fear in general public about cultural absorption or homogenization. The complexity of the current global economy has to do with certain fundamental disjunctures between economy, culture and politics. An important fact of the world we live in today is that many persons on the globe live in such imagined ‘ worlds' and not just in imagined communities, and thus are able to contest and sometimes even subvert the ‘imagined worlds' of the official mind and of the entrepreneurial mentality that surround.Because researcher‘s one of the main theme in this research is on about the effect of globalization and how corporate company use globalization to expand the ra nge of their product sell researcher found that Arjun Appadurai‘s concept of ? Mediascapes? is very relevant to this research. The main form of entertainment for Bangladeshi children living in Urban Area is watching Cartoon. Because children rely on cartoon for entertaining purpose these cartoon are made in such a way that children are inspired to buy the commodity show in these cartoons.These types of cartoon shows are usually sponsored by corporate company. They use highly advanced market and advertising strategy in cartoons to sell their commodity among children and expand their market zone. These corporate companies use globalization in their favor and try to inject certain kind of notion in children which undermine tradition cultural value and encourage children to think that they belong to popular culture and to an imagined community- The community where the protagonist of the cartoon lives.Because children tend to think that they belong to popular culture and to an imag ined community they tried to buy products that are shows in cartoons. So as we can see the main theoretical concept researcher using are related to each other in a deep level and they are also related to research problem. 6. Statement of the problem Cartoons are the most frequent and easily accessible source of entertainment which we provide to our children. With the vastness of media and extension of channels, it has become easier for children to watch their favorite cartoons on a single click and at he same time it has become more convenient for parents to provide children with this all-time favorite activity of theirs. Time which was previously spent by children in outdoor activities is now replaced, as now they can be found glued to the TV sets for long hours, peering at all sorts of cartoons, mostly without the supervision of elders who are mostly unaware that this might have certain effects on their psychological development later on displayed in their behavior patterns. Child ren‘s values are changing in accordance with the messages major corporations send through cartoon and its related advertising.Major corporations can use their power, money, and influence to sculpt society through advertisements and promote the value systems that will allow them to gain more profit by bombarding consumers with advertisements and connecting their products to certain feelings such as hipness or luxury. The strategy uses peer pressure and an acceptance factor to manipulate children into believing that if they buy product related to cartoon character they will be accepted. Advertisers use such connections to generate consumers‘ mental perceptions of their surroundings, which ultimately influences societal views.Adult consumers are less vulnerable to these advertisements and do not as readily modify their beliefs in accordance; young children, however, are more susceptible to their lure. Thus cartoon and its related advertisers persuade children to disregard t heir values and accept the new values that corporations formulate for them. Although all generations modify their values and beliefs, today's society is accepting and glamorizing current beliefs that are not only superficial—they are immoral. These beliefs are immoral because they disregard the qualities that make people caring and involved.Instead individuals become obsessed with consumption and rashness. Although it is natural for society‘s values to change, it is unacceptable that mass marketing and corporate manipulations force society in the direction of carelessness and superfluity. Children's values are degrading into insignificance as they are manipulated into believing the messages corporations advertise. Children are focusing more on materialism and forgetting and discrediting deeper, more intimate aspects of life such as family and friendship. Being a good person, being well-liked, being a good friend is no longer basic.Instead, consumerism has taken basic va lues of human goodness and warped them into being products in need of labels. To fit in and to be cool, children must wear certain brands or have a certain number of things. The evidence related to this issue is not hard to find. If we follow a routine of a child, we can clearly observe that a child wakes up in the morning wearing Disney character Pajamas, roll out of bed sheet having some licensed character on it, his toothbrush and everything covered in his favorite cartoon characters and even in his breakfast he eats up cereals packed in some cute cartoon box.Strapping his Ben Ten backpack he moves to school but this commercialism even does not stop in school boundary. Nowadays every food company is using some branded characters which gets associated with the company and hence promote the company name. The character of Doraemon is used to advertise the Prince‘s brand food product. Similarly KFC is using the character of Colonel Harland Sanders to promote its brand name. Mos t of the campaigns which became popular in children consisted of branded characters— characters which are used to promote the company products.There is a vast quantity of research that has been performed regarded children, some of them are -violence in mass media and their effects on children, psychological and behavior disorder in children watching TV- but there is not a single research has been done regarding how various corporate and international company using cartoon in their benefit to increase their product sell and also there is very little research has done in Bangladesh regarding this issue.This research will recommend strategies and measures, based on empirical findings, that will helpful to policy maker and law-enforcers to come up with new idea and law that will minimize the problem that have stated in this proposal and will also be helpful to parents who are most concern for their children. Hopefully this study will create some new perspective and knowledge that will help future researchers and educators in their studies. 7. Objectives of the study:The main objective of this study is to find out how various corporate and international companies using cartoon to immerse young children with commodity and into popular culture and what kind of effects children show as they begin to associate themselves with more materialistic possessions. The specific objectives of this study are to find out? how corporate company use cartoon to increase their product sell ? if there is a relation between cartoon endorsement and impulse buying. ? the effects of popular culture on children ? the effect of globalization on children 8. Rationale of the study:There is a vast quantity of research that has been performed regarded children. Children are frequently studied with regard to how the media influences. Most research in this area focuses on how television, movies, music, and video games affect children and adolescents, but relatively little research have bee n done on the link between cartoon endorsement and impulse buying and how various corporate and international company using cartoon to immerse young children with commodity and into popular culture and what kind of effects children show as they begin to associate themselves with more materialistic possessions.Also there is not a single piece of anthropological research has done in Bangladesh regarding how cartoon effect children mind‘s to buy more product. Based on empirical findings, the study will recommend strategies and measures that may be helpful to policy maker and law-enforcer to enforce laws that will minimize the problem and also to parents who are most concern for their children. 9. Research design and methods 9. 1 Assumptions about methodology: This study will follow a quantitative and quantitative research method by which the research will be completed systematically.Theoretically this study is based on Marxist media theory which highlights material conditions of media production and reception and Appadurai‘s concept of ? Mediascapes? which shed lights to how corporate company use globalization to expand the range of their product sell. So in the fieldwork, the relation between cartoon endorsement and children impulse buying, and the information about effects of media and globalization will be collected. Because this research problem is an observable phenomenon the researcher can assume that most of the research methodology that will be used in this research will rely on observation. . 2 Sources of Data: Collection of data is essential for any anthropological research. For the purpose of this study researcher will collect data from different sources which can be grouped into two categories: ? Primary Sources ? Secondary Sources 9. 2. 1. Primary Sources: Primary source of data will be collected for this research for the specific purpose of addressing the problem at hand. That means all data that researcher will collect date directly fro m children, their parents, market and advertising specialist and shopkeeper. 9. 2. 2 Secondary Sources:For this purpose of the research data will also be collected from the secondary sources such as various books, various journals, research works, government publications , census etc. 9. 3 Selection of the study area: 9. 3. 1 Researcher has choosen Mirpur Thana under Dhaka district as study area. There are several kindergarden, elementary schools and shopping malls located in Mirpur and it‘s easy to reach Mirpur because of the various transportation facilities. Mirpur is chosen because researcher will be able to visit different school, malls and neighborhoods pretty easily. . 4 Data Collection Form Primary Sources: 9. 4. 1. 1. Observation Observation is a well-defined methodological component in anthropology. It involves establishing rapport with the research population. The researcher will try to build close relationship with children, children‘s parents and shopkeepers who sells child product. Through observation researcher will try to see how child reacted to product which is associated with their favorite cartoon character and their parent‘s reaction toward their children and shopkeeper strategy to attract children. 9. 4. 1. 2.Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) Focus group discussions will be held in the study area. The objective of these sessions is to collect appropriate and intensive information and create space for target people to discuss and explore issues pertinent to this research proposal. 9. 4. 1. 3. Case Study A case study involves the in depth study of a single example of whatever it is the researcher wishes to investigate. In this study, case study method will be used for focusing the data especially what parents have to say about their children behavior when it comes to the product related to cartoons. . 4. 1. 4. PUA (Participatory Urban Appraisal) This method is now popular in rural development sector. Because Participatory Urb an Appraisal ? emphasizes local knowledge and enables local people to make their own analysis of the problems they face and to identify their own solutions? this tool will help research to find out parents strategies regarding how they cope with their child‘s unreasonable pester for buy commodity and how they plan to discourage children from buying product. 9. 4. 1. 5.Questionnaire Survey This method is an appropriate method to get the required information. A set of questionnaire will be prepared to conduct the field survey. In the present study data will be collected from structured questionnaire. 9. 4. 1. 6. Field Notes: Taking field notes is a field technique which allows researchers to produce a lot of data. During the fieldwork the researcher will keep a notebook which will record a lot of data. 9. 4. 1. 7. Tape Recording: There will be a lot of information that might not be possible to write down on the spot.In this situation the researcher will use tape recorder to reco rd the information. 9. 4. 1. 8. Visual Technique: Different visual techniques such as taking picture, diagram, or video clips will be used to collect data and later explaining situation. For this purpose researcher will use a video camera. 9. 4. 2 Sample Size and Selection of Sample: 9. 4. 2. 1. It is important to select that population which share common characteristics so researcher will select middle and lower middle class children of age ranging from 3. 5 to 12 years as the spend most of their time in front of TV.The sample size of the questionnaire survey will include three kinder garden schools and 30 households 9. 5 Data Analysis and Report Preparation: 9. 5. 1. After completion of the initial search, the materials will be screened and preliminarily data will be sorted out on the basis on broad subjects. Each document will be summarized with a view to eliciting the major findings. 9. 6. Scope and limitation of the proposed research: 9. 6. 1 There will be limited time for this study which will not allow the researcher to study most of the children living in the Mirpur.There is a strong possibility that researcher will get bias response in some of the answers although care will be taken to word when selecting question. A few quantitative findings may have to be drawn on selfestimated data, which may not be very reliable. 10. Timeframes: Activities Fieldwork (Data Collection from primary & secondary sources) Data Processing Data Analysis Writing Revision for submission Print bind & Submit Month May/2013 May/2013 May/2013 May/2013 May/2013 June/2013 Date 1-18 19-22 23-25 26-29 30-31 1st June